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· David Fickling Books
· Hardcover · Ages 12 and up
· September 12, 2006 · $17.99 · 978-0-385-75106-3 (0-385-75106-0)
NOTE TO TEACHERS
In history classes, students learn about the dark tragedies of our past, and develop the thinking skills necessary to shape a better world for their future. As we study tough subjects like the Holocaust, we must communicate to our students and their parents that open discussion, rather than fear of a topic, is the only way to affect change. With this in mind, encourage students to share novels and nonfiction works they have already read about the Holocaust. Make sure that they fully grasp the meaning of the following terms: Führer, Auschwitz, Hitler Youth, anti-Semitism, the Exodus, Nuremberg Laws, swastika, Gestapo, death trains, death camps, Warsaw Ghetto, genocide, and resistance.
ABOUT THIS BOOK
The cautionary tale is about two boys, one the son of a commandant in Hitler’s army and the other a Jew, who come face-to-face at a barbed wire fence that separates, and eventually intertwines, their lives. Set during the Holocaust, Bruno is only nine years old when his father, a commandant in Hitler’s army, is transferred from Berlin to Auschwitz. The house at “Out-With,” as Bruno calls it, is small, dark, and strange. He spends long days gazing out the window of his new bedroom, where he notices people dressed in striped pajamas and rows of barracks surrounded by a barbed wire fence. Bored and lonely, and not really understanding the circumstance of his new existence, Bruno sets out to explore the area and discovers Shmuel, a very thin Jewish boy who lives on the other side of the fence. An unlikely friendship develops between the two boys, but when Bruno learns that his mother plans to take her children back to Berlin, he makes a last effort to explore the forbidden territory where the boy in the striped pajamas lives.
ABOUT THIS AUTHOR
John Boyne is a full-time writer living in Dublin. He was writer-in-residence at the University of East Anglia in Creative Writing and spent many years working as a bookseller. This is his first book for young readers. The author lives in Dublin, Ireland.
TEACHING IDEAS
The Boy in the Striped Pajamas is presented as a fable. Have the class identify the literary elements of a fable. Ask them to make note of these elements as they read the novel. Ask students to read about “The Final Solution” (www.ushmm.org/outreach/ fsol.htm). Have them consider the following questions: • What factors contributed to the Holocaust? • What were Hitler’s motives? • Who were his victims? • How many people were murdered? Then ask students to stage a debate about the importance of studying the Holocaust.
DISCUSSION AND WRITING
Discuss the relationship between Bruno and Gretel. Why does Bruno seem younger than nine? In a traditional fable, characters are usually one-dimensional. How might Bruno and Gretel be considered onedimensional? • At age 12, Gretel is the proper age for membership in the League of Young Girls, a branch of Hitler’s Youth Organization. Why do you think she is not a member, especially since her father is a high-ranking officer in Hitler’s army? • What is it about the house at Out-With that makes Bruno feel “cold and unsafe”? (p. 20) How is this feeling perpetuated as he encounters people like Pavel, Maria, Lt. Kotler, and Shmuel? • Describe his reaction when he first sees the people in the striped pajamas. What does Gretel mean when she says, “Something about the way [Bruno] was watching made her feel suddenly nervous”? (p. 28) How does this statement foreshadow Bruno’s ultimate demise? • Bruno asks his father about the people outside their house at Auschwitz. His father answers, “They’re not people at all, Bruno.” (p. 53) Discuss the horror of this attitude. How does his father’s statement make Bruno more curious about Out-With? • Explain what Bruno’s mother means when she says, “We don’t have the luxury of thinking.” (p. 13) Identify scenes from the novel that Bruno’s mother isn’t happy about their life at Out-With. Debate whether she is unhappy being away from Berlin, or whether she is angry about her husband’s position. How does Bruno’s grandmother react to her son’s military role? • When Bruno and his family board the train for Auschwitz, he notices an overcrowded train headed in the same direction. How does he later make the connection between Shmuel and that train? How are both trains symbolic of each boy’s final journey? • Bruno issues a protest about leaving Berlin. His father responds, “Do you think that I would have made such a success of my life if I hadn’t learned when to argue and when to keep my mouth shut and follow orders?” (p. 49) What question might Bruno’s father ask at the end of the novel? • A pun is most often seen as humorous. But, in this novel the narrator uses dark or solemn puns like Out-With and Fury to convey certain meanings. Bruno is simply mispronouncing the real words, but the author is clearly asking the reader to consider a double meaning to these words. Discuss the use of this wordplay as a literary device. What is the narrator trying to convey to the reader? How do these words further communicate the horror of the situation? • When Bruno dresses in the filthy striped pajamas, he remembers something his grandmother once said. “You wear the right outfit and you feel like the person you’re pretending to be.” (p. 205) How is this true for Bruno? What about his father? What does this statement contribute to the overall meaning of the story? • Discuss the moral or message of the novel. What new insights and understandings does John Boyne want the reader to gain from reading this story? • Ask students to discuss the differences in a fable, an allegory, and a proverb. How might this story fit into each genre?
VOCABULARY
Encourage students to identify unfamiliar words, and try to define them using hints from the context of the story. Such words may include: greengrocers (p. 19), insolent (p. 51), reverberated (p. 62), jumper (p. 71), sinister (p. 98), despair (p. 104), confirmation (p. 112), resolution (p. 113), disdain (p. 122), catastrophe (p. 142), sarcasm (p. 157), sophistication (p. 158), medicinal (p. 167), inconsolable (p. 178), and misshapen (p. 184).
BEYOND THE BOOK
Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum www.auschwitz.org.pl The official site of the memorial and museum at Auschwitz.
The Holocaust/Shoah Page www.mtsu.edu/~baustin/holocamp.html A map and discussion of the Nazi death camps.
Holocaust Cybrary http://www.remember.org/auschwitz/ Links to Auschwitz tour resources.
OTHER TITLES OF INTEREST
The Book Thief Markus Zusak Grades 7 up Alfred A. Knopf hardcover 978-0-375-83100-3 (0-375-83100-2) GLB • 978-0-375-93100-0 (0-375-93100-7)
Number the Stars Lois Lowry Grades 4–7 Yearling paperback • 978-0-440-40327-2 (0-440-40327-8) Laurel-Leaf paperback • 978-0-440-22753-3 (0-440-22753-4)
In My Hands: Memories of a Holocaust Rescuer Irene Gut Opdyke with Jennifer Armstrong Grades 7 up Laurel-Leaf paperback • 978-0-553-49411-2 (0-553-49411-2) Alfred A. Knopf hardcover • 978-0-679-89181-9 (0-679-89181-1)
Milkweed Jerry Spinelli Grades 5 up Laurel-Leaf paperback • 978-0-440-42005-7 (0-440-42005-9) Alfred A. Knopf hardcover • 978-0-375-81374-0 (0-375-81374-8) GLB • 978-0-375-91374-7 (0-375-91374-2) eBook • 978-0-375-89037-6 (0-375-89037-8)
Tunes for Bears to Dance To Robert Cormier Grades 7 up Laurel-Leaf paperback • 978-0-440-21903-3 (0-440-21903-5)
Jacob’s Rescue Malka Drucker and Michael Halperin Grades 4–7 Yearling paperback • 978-0-440-40965-6 (0-440-40965-9)
COPYRIGHT
Prepared by Pat Scales, Director of Library Services, SC Governor’s School for Arts and Humanities. Random House Children’s Books • School and Library Marketing • 1745 Broadway, Mail Drop 10-4 • New York, NY 10019 • BN0606 • 09/06