Term coined by the authors of this book to reflect the large number of Americans--particularly service personnel--arrested for espionage in the 1980s. Nearly 60 servicemen and civilian employees in the Department of Defense alone were accused of spying or serious violations of security regulations. Since the 1970s, the driving force for espionage has been greed, not the ideology that inspired the Atomic Spy Ring and Cambridge Spy Ring of the pre-Cold War era. In a previous book, Merchants of Treason (1988), the present authors wrote, "The spy-for-pay era is driven as much by the client's need for data as by the mercenary spy's need for cash. "